BIRTHDAYS | Oxonians, November 2017

Oxford Black Alumni Group Formed (2017)

November
09 | Noel Godfrey Chavasse (Trinity) 1884
09 | Francis Chavasse (Trinity and St. Peter's) 1884
15 | William Pitt the Elder, 1st Earl of Chatham* (Trinity) 1708
21 | Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, "Q" (Trinity) 1863
29 | C. S. Lewis* (Univ.) 1898
December
18 | Charles Wesley (Ch.Ch.) 1707
22 | James Oglethorpe* (Corpus), 1st Gov. of Georgia 1696
January
03 | J.R.R. Tolkien, CBE (Exeter) 1892
27 | Charles Dodgson, "Lewis Carroll" (Ch.Ch.) 1832
February
13 | Anna Watkins (rower for Cambridge against Oxford), 1983
21 | John Henry Cardinal Newman (Trinity) 1801
21 | W. H. Auden
March
01 John Tepper Marlin (Trinity) 1942 😏

02 Dr Seuss (Lincoln), 1904

11 Rupert Murdoch, 1931
14 Stephen Hawking (Univ), death, 2018 (born in April)
24 William Morris (Exeter), 1834

26 Robert Frost, 1926
26 A. E. Housman, 1859

April
01 Rachel Maddow (Lincoln), 1973
03 Jane Goodall, 1934

April 23. St George's
Day

05 NYC Boat Race Dinner, University Club
13 Frederick Lord North (Trinity), 1732
13 Christopher Hitchens, 1949
14 Michael Maclagan (Ch.Ch. and Trinity), 1914
15 Emma Watson, 1990
15 Joseph Lister, 1827
19 Dudley Moore, 1935
23 St George's Day
28 Harper Lee, 1926
28 Elena Kagan, 1960
May
10 | James Viscount Bryce (Trinity) 1838
20 | Melvin "Dinghy" Young (Trinity), DFC & Bar 1915
29 | Sir Basil "Gaffer" Blackwell (Merton) 1889
June 
04 | Dan Topolski (New) 1945
05 | James Smithson (Pembroke) 1765
16 | Adam Smith (Balliol) 1723
17 | John Wesley (Ch.Ch.) 1703
July
09 | Oliver Sacks, 1933
10 | E. Clerihew Bentley (Merton) 1875
27 | Hilaire Belloc, 1870
28 | Senator Bill Bradley (Worcester) 1943
August
08 | Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (Trinity) 1605
10 | George Goodman, "Adam Smith" (BNC) 1930
11 | Lawrence Binyon (Trinity)
16 | T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) (Jesus) 1888
19 | President Bill Clinton (Univ.)
September
07 | Peter Darrow (Trinity) 1950
October 
02 | Graham Greene, 1904
23 | Denis Woodfield (Lincoln) 1933

*Clerihews for Oxonians

HERALDRY: St Cross (Updated May 16, 2018)

St. Cross Coat of Arms (full
achievement), grant
dated 1998.

Blazon (Full Achievement): Argent a Cross Potent Purpure a Quarter counterchanged And for the Crest upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Purpure An Armillary Sphere upon a Stand Or thereon a Dove with wings elevated and displayed Argent holding in the beak a Sprig of Mulberry fructed and leaved proper mantled Purpure doubled Argent.

Authority: The Grant of Arms is signed and sealed by the three English Kings of Arms. The formal copy cited in full at the end of this post was kindly provided by St Cross College, is dated 2000.

Teutonic Cross Potent in
Use in the Crusades.

Meaning: The motto is in the full achievement of the coat of arms, Ad Quattuor Cardines Mundi ("To the four corners of the world") but not in the blazon. It is in the grant of arms. The Cross Potent is one of many variations of the Christian cross in heraldic use, many of them emerging in the 11th century at the time of the first crusades. It was one of several crosses used on their shields by the Teutonic Knights. It would surely have been seen in England as a Christian religious symbol at the time it was created, although pre-Christian examples of the use of the T-tipped cross have been found.

Nominee of Arms: The College is named, says College sources, after St Cross Road, which links South Parks Road to the north and Longwall Street to the south, where it also meets Holywell Street (formerly Holywell Lane). The road runs by the ancient Holy Cross Church, which gave the road its name. The original buildings of St Cross College were located on the grounds of the church. The arms represent the name of the road. The St Cross Latin Grace rejoices in honor of the Holy Cross.

Institutional History: St Cross was founded by the University as a graduate college. It was founded at the same time as Wolfson and for the same reason. (Kellogg College was founded by the University later for a different purpose, i.e., continuing education.) The foundation of St Cross College was entirely secular; it has no chaplain. The practical reason for a new college was the need for college affiliations for a large number of new postwar fellows and graduate students who were admitted by the University to teach and enroll in an increased number of subjects taught at the University, notably in the sciences, but also in new fields such as archaeology and social sciences that had not been part of the undergraduate curriculum. The teachers were entitled to a college assignment, with the meals, residential accommodation, stipends, and the sense of belonging that might come with it – including the feeling of functioning under a banner that is cozier than the University-wide Dominus Illuminatio Mea. The University was getting pushback from the existing colleges when they had taken on and absorbed as many fellows and graduate students after World War II as they felt able (it was postwar policy in the United States to finance the higher education of returning veterans; the British welfare program of Clement Attlee went further, broadly expanding access to health care and education). Students at the religiously originated PPHs were eager to be able to compete in more intercollegiate sports (as they do now more than they used to). The University encouraged the expansion of some of the PPHs and movement of a few of them toward college status, a major obstacle being independence, i.e., not being in the control of a religious entity. Then the University decided to take the bull by the horns and in 1965 created a brand new college for residential postgraduates, i.e., St Cross. Unsurprisingly, when St Cross was created, its graduate students wanted to compete in intercollegiate sports like any other college.

Physical History: The college was originally provided with buildings on the site of the ancient Holy Cross Church, which has since been converted to a document-storage site for historic collections  owned by Balliol College. From this site the College moved to one on the west side of St Giles  among many PPHs and unaffiliated religious institutions such as the Quaker center. The ground under it is owned by the Anglo-Catholic Pusey House, named after Edward Bouverie Pusey, the man who led the Oxford Movement after John Henry Newman decamped to become a Roman Catholic. The proximity of Pusey House creates advantages for St Cross students, as noted on the college website. St Cross students may use facilities such as the Pusey House Library and Chapel.

Intellectual and Religious History: The college's sharing of facilities with Pusey House means it  shares somewhat in the rich intellectual and religious history of Pusey House. However, its main intellectual focus since World War II is on the sciences and it makes clear that it is formally unaffiliated with any religion.

Grant of Arms (2000): TO ALL AND SINGULAR to whom these presents shall come Peter Llewellyn Gwynn-Jones Esquire Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Garter Principal King of Arms David Hubert Boothby Chesshyre Esquire Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order Clarenceux King of Arms and Thomas Woodcock Esquire Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order Norroy and Ulster King of Arms send Greeting!
WHEREAS RICHARD COOPER REPP Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Oxford Master of Saint Cross College hath represented unto the Most Noble Miles Francis Stapleton Duke of Norfolk Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the British Empire upon whom has been conferred the Decoration of the Military Cross Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England that on the Fifth day of October 1965 pursuant to the provisions of Title VII Section II of the Statutes of the University of Oxford there was founded and established a Society of the said University known as SAINT CROSS COLLEGE having amongst its purposes the provision of facilities for post-graduate students engaged in the study of any subject offered by the University of Oxford at post-graduate level And that the governing body of SAINT CROSS COLLEGE consists of a Master and Fellows who are desirous of having Armorial Ensigns for the College established under lawful authority and duly recorded in Her Majesty’s College of Arms And whereas he as Master of SAINT CROSS COLLEGE and on behalf of the Fellows thereof hath requested therefore the favour of His Grace’s Warrant for Our granting and assigning such Arms and Crest and in the same Patent such Device or Badge as We deem suitable to be borne and used by SAINT CROSS COLLEGE on seals or otherwise in accordance with the Laws of Arms And forasmuch as the said Earl Marshal did by Warrant under his hand and Seal bearing date the Twentieth day of May 1998 authorise and direct Us to grant and assign such Arms and Crest and in the same Patent such Device or Badge accordingly Know Ye Therefore that We the said Garter Clarenceux and Norroy and Ulster Kings of Arms in pursuance of His Grace’s Warrant and by virtue of the Letters Patent of Our several Offices granted by The Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty to each of Us respectively do by these Presents grant and assign unto the said SAINT CROSS COLLEGE the Arms following that is to say Argent a Cross Potent Purpure a Quarter counterchanged And for the Crest upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Purpure An Armillary Sphere upon a Stand Or thereon a Dove with wings elevated and displayed Argent holding in the beak a Sprig of Mulberry fructed and leaved proper mantled Purpure doubled Argent And by the authority aforesaid We do further grant and assign the following Device or Badge that is to say A Cross Potent voided Or as the same are all in the margin hereof more plainly depicted to be borne and used by SAINT CROSS COLLEGE on seals or otherwise in accordance with the Laws of Arms IN WITNESS whereof We the said Garter Clarenceux and Norroy and Ulster Kings of Arms have to these Presents subscribed Our names and affixed the Seals of Our several Offices this Second day of November in the Forty-ninth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith and in the year of Our Lord Two Thousand.

Thanks and References

After Oxford Today published my article (OT, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 45-50) on the heraldry of the Oxford colleges, three people wrote about St Cross College to OT's editor, who  forwarded them to me:

• Anthony Weale, former Secretary of Faculties and Academic Registrar, Oxford University.
• Ella Bedrock, in the communications office, St Cross College.
• Sir Mark Jones, Master of St Cross College.

The above expanded description of the college arms and history addresses the questions in the letters. My email box (jtmarlin at post.harvard.edu) remains open for further comments or questions.

Other Oxford Coats of Arms:  Article in Oxford Today, 2015. Harris Manchester College . Linacre College . St Cross College . St Edmund Hall . Trinity College . St Regent's Park College . St Benet's Hall

FEAST DAY: Oct. 9 - John Henry Newman

Blessed John Henry
Cardinal Newman

Today is the Feast Day of Blessed John Henry Cardinal Newman (1801-1890). Newman's birthday was February 21 and he died in August. October 9 was the date, after two years of instruction, when Newman was received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1845 by Dominic Barberi, an Italian Passionist, in Littlemore.

Oxonians brought many gifts to America, including independence, with Pitt the Elder kicking the French out of the colonies and Lord North trying to make the colonials pay for the cost of British troops, thereby precipitating the Revolution. Newman's gift was not just to Catholics in America, but to Christians everywhere, especially those speaking English.

He was born in London and at 16 years of age went up to Trinity College, Oxford. He then served as a tutor at Oriel College, which was a center of Oxford University's religious revival.

For 17 years from 1828, he was vicar of the Anglican St. Mary's (The University Church of St. Mary the Virgin) close to Oriel at the center of the University on High Street. Five years into Newman's vicarage, John Keble gave his famous sermon at St. Mary's that won over Newman to the Oxford Movement to regenerate Catholicism. The Movement went back to the early Church for inspiration.

In 1845,  based on his search for continuity in the history of Christianity and his belief in objective truth, Newman then became a Roman Catholic. He published eight volumes of Parochial and Plain Sermons as well as two novels. He is celebrated as both an Anglican and a Roman Catholic theologian. His poem, "Dream of Gerontius," was set to music by Sir Edward Elgar.

In 1847, Newman was ordained a Catholic priest in Rome and joined the Congregation of the Oratory, founded three centuries earlier by St. Philip Neri. Returning to England, Newman founded Oratory houses in Birmingham and London. In 1854 he went to Dublin to serve as rector of the Catholic University of Ireland, which he helped found. While in Dublin he wrote The Idea of a University, in which he sets out his ideas on the purpose of education. Newman promotes the idea that the lived experience of believers is a key part of formation of theology.

Newman accepted Vatican I's teaching on papal infallibility while noting its limits, which at that time few proponents of infallibility were eager to do.

Newman was named a cardinal in 1879, and he took as his cardinal's motto Cor ad cor loquitur ("Heart speaks to heart"), which he adapted from a 17th century dictum. His crest includes three hearts, which are interpreted as being the Trinity. Pope Benedict XVI used the Cor ad cor loquitur motto to headline Newman's long-awaited beatification.

Newman was buried near Birmingham but his grave was exhumed in 2008 and a new tomb was prepared at the Oratory church in Birmingham. Three years after Newman died, a Newman Club for Catholic students began at the University of Pittsburgh, and similar centers for students were set up in many universities. Newman Centers had been created earlier but until Newman himself was beatified they lacked ecclesiastical blessing.

Pope Benedict beatified Newman in September 2010, at a ceremony outside of Birmingham. The pope noted Newman's balanced emphasis on both his religious beliefs as part of civilized society and on his pastoral energy to attend to the needs of the sick, poor, bereaved or incarcerated.

Newman's views were a key reference point for Vatican II under Pope John XXIII. He was called the "absent Father" of this conference of bishops 70 years after his death, especially on issues of conscience and religious liberty, the vocation of lay people, and relations between Church and State.