R.I.P. | Robert L. Schuettinger (Exeter and Christ Church)

Robert L. Schuettinger,
1936-2018.

Posted on the bulletin board of the Oxford and Cambridge Club of London, where Alice and I stayed on Wednesday night, was a notice of the death of member Professor Robert L[indsay] Schuettinger, who was up at Oxford the same time as I was in 1962-64.

The notice said that Bob (as we knew him) died on September 11, 2018.

Schuettinger was the founder and president of the Oxford Study Abroad Programme, which began as a Washington Academic Internship Program in 1983 and first sent American students to Oxford in 1985. He was an Affiliated Faculty Member of the Washington International Studies Council in Oxford. He studied at Columbia, the University of Chicago, and at Oxford University (Exeter and Christ Church). His graduate supervisor in political philosophy was Professor Sir Isaiah Berlin, Fellow (and President) of the British Academy, Order of Merit, and Fellow of All Souls College.

Schuettinger taught at St. Andrews University in Scotland and Yale University, where he was an Associate Fellow of Yale's Davenport College from 1974 until his death. He has lectured at the Kennedy School of Politics in Harvard and also was a Visiting Research Fellow in International Relations at Mansfield College, Oxford University, for a three- year term. He taught an Oxford seminar in diplomacy jointly with Professor Lord Beloff, FBA, Fellow of All Souls College. He was a Visiting Research Fellow of Oxford University's Rothermere American Institute, elected by the RAI's Fellowship Committee in April 2013. He was an Associate Member of the Senior Common Room of Christ Church. He was also appointed by Christ Church to the college's Board of Benefactors.

One of Schuettinger's books.

He authored or co-authored 19 books, including Forty Centuries of Wage and Price Controls, which he wrote with Eamonn F. Butler and was rated 4.11 out of 5 on Goodreads and went into a third edition in the United States and was translated into Chinese. He also wrote U.S. Strategy for the Decade Ahead, China: The Turning Point, Korea in the World Today, Saving Social Security, Scholars, Dollars and Public Policy, and Toward Liberty.

He served as a senior aide in foreign affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, as deputy to the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, as a senior policy aide in foreign policy in the White House and in the Senior Executive Service in the US Information Agency and the Pentagon (Director of Long-Range Policy Planning).

He was also Assistant Director for National Security Policy in a Presidential Transition Office. He was Director of Studies in Washington's largest think tank, The Heritage Foundation, and was founding editor of its social science quarterly, Policy Review, now published by the Hoover Institution of Stanford University.

Besides his membership in the Oxford and Cambridge Club in London, he was a member of the Cosmos Club and the Metropolitan Club in Washington, and of the Beefsteak Club and The Reform Club in London. He was elected to membership of The Pilgrims Society, the Anglo-American Society, and of the Institut d'Études Politiques. He also received several teaching awards, including "Best Professor of the Year."

Sources of information, in addition to citations above, include: https://www.iwp.edu/faculty/detail/robert-schuettinger. 

OXFORD OPEN DAY | Selling the Colleges, 2017

1. Jesus College on Turl Street flaunts its
 green color, attributed to its Welsh and
Celtic appeal or its revised arms.

 Oxford is continuing to seek applications from the broadest possible pool of secondary school students.

This is good for Oxford and good for secondary schools.

Students have to apply to one of Oxford's 38 colleges or six Permanent Private Halls (PPHs). 

So every year the colleges open their doors about two weeks before Michaelmas term opens, and then a week and a half after the Trinity term ends (in 2018, the Open Days are June 27-28).

2. Exeter College, also on the Turl, has
the Welcome banner out.

The Michaelmas term is so named because term starts soon after the feast of St Michael the Archangel, on September 29. The colleges then open their doors to students and it is inconvenient for there to be an Open Day.

The colleges and halls are becoming more competitive about Open Day. 

3. Trinity College is central, next to the
White Horse, Blackwell's, and the Bodleian.

For that day, the college gates are opened wide. The Keep Out signs are replaced by welcoming  banners and balloons.  

Some colleges take it a little bit further, to get an edge. Unfairly? You be the judge. Here are some Open Day stories from five colleges. 

We start our walking tour going north on Turl Street. We pass Lincoln College on our right, visit Jesus on our left, then Exeter on our right. We now face Trinity College. We turn left to the corner, intending to head for St Regent's College in St Giles. 

However, as we pass Boswell's, we are hijacked. We are offered a free ride akin to that in Midnight in Paris, to a place called LMH, with the promise of free ice cream at the destination. Read on.

4. Regent's Park College makes its presence known
in front of the Sheldonian, perhaps to prevent
hijacking of young students on their way to St Giles. 

1. Jesus College. As one walks on The Turl north from High Street, Jesus is on the left. I was advised by Paul Walton, who knows a thing or two about Wales, that the green color of Jesus is related to its Welsh affiliation, because its foundation was promoted by Welshman Dr Hugh Price of St David's Cathedral, in 1571. However, the original field of Price's coat of arms was azure (blue). The field was later revised to vert (green), perhaps in honor of the Green family, or in homage to Price's Welsh heritage.  Queen Elizabeth is the founder of Jesus College; it is the only college she founded, and the only one founded during her long reign. Its Celtic Studies library is special. Its most famous alumnus is surely Welshman T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"). Its student body is 15 percent Welsh.

2. Exeter College. Exeter College's color is purple, referencing the fact that it was founded in 1315 by Walter de Stapeldon, a Devon man who rose to become Bishop of Exeter and Treasurer of England under Edward II. Purple is the color of bishops. The eight pairs of golden keys in the Exeter coat of arms reflect the episcopal origin of the college, as  St Peter, the first bishop, was given "the keys to the kingdom of heaven". Exeter was originally called Stapeldon Hall; it is considered the fourth-oldest college at Oxford.

3. Trinity College. Trinity's arms are those of its Founder, Sir Thomas Pope. The tincture on his  arms is azure (blue), with the metal or (gold). The college colors are blue and white. Pope was a Catholic entrusted with the task of dissolving and emptying out church-owned colleges. Durham College was a seminary established by the Bishop Prince of Durham. After Catholicism was reinstated by Mary I, Pope established a new Catholic college on the spot.

Offering a Free Ride to LMH.

4. Regent's Park College. Things are not always what they seem. Regent's Park College is not a college, but is the smallest of the six Permanent Private Halls. The PPHs are increasingly being given similar status as the full colleges, but because of their governing are presumed to be less independent of their religious origins as the colleges. 

Dishing the free ice cream.

Regent's Park College sells itself as a quiet place near the center of Oxford. Its origins go back to a Baptist conference in 1752. The original institution was founded in 1810 and moved to Pusey Street, off St Giles, in 1927. It is near to St Cross College, which shares an entrance with Pusey House. Regent's Park College welcomes students in the arts, humanities and social sciences. A few study to be Baptist ministers. The Library includes a special focus on the history of dissenters. In fact, because of its history of religious dissent, members of Regent's Park College are discouraged from using Latin! The college Grace is recited in English by the Principal: For the gifts of your grace and the community of this college, we praise your name, O God. Amen. At the end of Formal Hall the Principal signals the departure of senior members (there is usually no High Table) with the words: "The grace and peace of God be with us all. Amen." Amen to that.

5. Lady Margaret Hall (LMH). Just as Regent's Park College is a hall, so Lady Margaret Hill is a college, as is St Edmund Hall.

LMH is located at the end of Norham Gardens, with property extending to a wide frontage on the River Cherwell. 

Since this is a bit of a hike from central Oxford, the offer of a lift with ice cream waiting at the end is a clever way of attracting the interest of potential applicants.While the lure of free ice cream may seem to be unfair competition, how else expose impressionable students to the glory of the Banks of the Cherwell, where this 1918 photo of three LMHers (two Saunders sisters at left and someone at right identified as named C.S.L. who is clearly not C.S. Lewis).

Picnic at LMH by the Cherwell, 1918. Two Saunders sisters (L) and C.S.L.

OXFORD | Historical Calendar

4th Annual NYC Area Oxford-Cambridge
Alumni Boat Race, 2008. Naugatuck Rowing
Club, Westport, Connecticut. Oxford mixed boat.

The following historical calendar of Oxford-college- related events is in formation.

Oxford college connections are noted.

February 
11 – Tolkien Heirs Sue New Line Cinema for $150 Million. 2008, settled 2009. Tolkien attended Exeter, Oxford. Fellow at Merton, Oxford.

April
23 – Baedeker Raids Start. 1942. Oxford was spared. Why, do you suppose?

May
1 – Joseph Heller. 1923. St Catz, Oxford.

July
1 – Hong Kong Returned to China. 1997. Chris Patten, Balliol, Oxford.

August
11 – Laurence Binyon, Poet, born.  1869.  Trinity, Oxford 1888.

September
3 – Stars and Stripes First Flown in Battle. Lawrence Washington, Brasenose, Oxford.

November
9 – Noel Godfrey Chavasse. 1884. Trinity, Oxford. Only person to receive the Victoria Cross with bar in World War I.
24 – St Catherine's Feast Day.  St Catz is named after her and her wheel is in the college arms.

OXFORD IN FICTION: Top Six Fictional Colleges (Updated July 4, 2018)

Morse, Lewis, Endeavour...

Which Oxford colleges are most often models for fictional colleges?

Two ground rules: 

First, exclude colleges used as sets for stories about schools (e.g., Hogwart's) or estates (e.g., Downton Abbey).

Second, exclude real colleges referred to in fiction, as when Jay Gatsby claimed that he went to Trinity College after the Great War. (His character's attendance was fictional, his purported alma mater is not.)

Based on these rules, my nominees for the top six real colleges used as models for fictional Oxford colleges are...:

Christ Church - 7
Oriel - 4
Balliol - 3
Brasenose - 3
LMH - 3
New - 3

The tabulation is below. Let me know of sites that might qualify and have been left out and I will reconsider and if necessary re-compute with credit to you if you want it.

College (or Hall)	Fictional College
All Souls	All Saints College - North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell.
Balliol (3)	Baillie College – Yes Ministerand Yes, Prime Minister, attended by two consecutive cabinet secretaries.
	Scone College- Decline and Fall by Evelyn Waugh; Something Nasty in the Woodshedand The Great Mortdecai Moustache Mystery by Kyril Bonfiglioli. (John de Balliol was crowned King of Scotland at Scone in 1292 and ruled for four years.)
	Biblioll College Jude the Obscure
Brasenose(3)	Brazenface College – Verdant Green by Cuthbert Bede.
	Lonsdale College – Inspector Morse novels and subsequent Lewis TV series filmed there.
	Mayfield College –Lewis episode "Life Born of Fire” filmed there. Could also be Greyfriars, former Permanent Private Hall, nearest to “Mayfield” Press.
Christ Church (7)	Anonymous college in A Staircase in Surrey, a series of five novels by J. I. M. Stewart.
	Cardinal College – A Yank at Oxford.Cardinal College is the original name that Cardinal Wolsey gave to Christ Church in 1525.
	Cardinal's College - Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials
	Clapperton College - The Oxford Virusby Adam Kolczynski.
	St Thomas's College - An Oxford Tragedy and The Case of the Four Friends by John Cecil Masterman. St Thomas the Martyr's Church is located near Osney. Christ Church owns the church.
	Cardinal College Jude the Obscure
	Wolsey College - Inspector Morse novels and Endeavour. Cardinal Wolsey founded Christ Church.
Corpus Christi	Foxe College - Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials. Corpus was founded by Richard Foxe.
Exeter (3)	Carlyle College - Lewis, episode "The Soul of Genius" filmed there.
	Jordan College - Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials
	Plymouth College - North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell.
Jesus	St Michael's College -  Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials
Keble (2)	Baidley College -Endeavour TV series; "Home", the last episode of the first season filmed there.
	Tresingham College - The Oxford Virusby Adam Kolczynski.
Lincoln	Gresham College - Lewis,episode "Dark Matter". The "Invisible College", a group of Oxford scientists (including Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke and Christopher Wren) that went on to establish the Royal Society. met at Gresham College in London.
LMH (3)	Lady Matilda's College -Lewis. Based on and filmed in Lady Margaret Hall.
	St Margaret's College - Fire and Hemlock by Diana Wynne Jones. Probably based on Lady Margaret Hall.
	St Sophia's College - Based on Lady Margaret Hall. PP
Magdalen	St Mary's College – Sinister Street by Compton Mackenzie (who attended Magdalen).
Merton (2)	Chaucer College – Lewis. Named after Geoffrey Chaucer.
	Judas College – Zuleika Dobson by Max Beerbohm.
New College (3)	St Saviour's College –Inspector Morse, episode "Fat Chance" filmed there.
	Wykeham College – Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials. New College was founded by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester.
	St Gerard's Hall – Lewis episode "Wild Justice"; fictional Permanent Private Hall. Filmed here, and also at SEH and Christ Church.
Oriel (4)	Bartlemas College – Kate Ivory detective novels by Veronica Stallwood. Oriel's property includes St Bartholomew's Chapel.
	Courtenay College – Inspector Morse TV series. Nuneham Courtenay is a village 5 miles south-east of Oxford. Nuneham House now belongs to the University.
	St Ambrose's College - Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes. Oriel was both film location and the probable location of the college based, for example, on the boat race in 1842.
	The King's College (known as "Dick's" after alleged founder Richard II) - Colonel Butler's Wolf and Our Man in Camelot by Anthony Price.
Queen’s	Queen Philippa's College - Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials. Queen's College was founded in honor of Queen Philippa of Hainault.
Somerville(2)	St Jerome's College - Endymion Spring by Matthew Skelton. The Reluctant Cannibals by Ian Flitcroft.
	Shrewsbury College - Dorothy L. Sayers, Gaudy Night.
St Benet’s Hall	St Scholastica's College - Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials. Scholastica was the sister of St Benedict (Benet).
St Catherine’s	St Katherine’s – Virginia Woolf, The Pargiters
St Peter’s	St Mary’s College - Tony Strong, The Poison Tree.
St. Hilda’s	Bede College - Operation Pax by Michael Innes, nom-de-plume of J. I. M. Stewart. (St Bede wrote about St Hilda.)
Trinity (2)	Savile College – Lewis.
	Oriel College – Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes. Under current computation rules, Gatsby doesn't count.
Wadham	Gabriel College – Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials.

CAMBRIDGE: John Wheelwright, founder, Exeter, N.H.

Rev. John Wheelwright,  alum
of Sidney Sussex, Cam.,
founded Exeter, NH.

I have been hard at work looking for and seeking to aggregate the contributions of Oxford and Cambridge alumni to the pre-Revolutionary (colonial) era in the United States.

So far I have much information on Oxonians from the states between Florida and New York, and little on the Cambridge contingent. But the Cambridge alums, thin on the ground, mostly settled in the New England area, which helps fill in the lack of data on the contributions of Oxonians to the New England colonies.

 Please consider this a crowd-sourcing request to provide names of Cambridge men (as there were likely no women) who made their mark in pre-Revolutionary America!

John  Harvard, of course, gave his library to help start the college after which he is named. My general observation is that the Cambridge colonists tended to be more disputatious, and had a difficult time of it. They say that Cambridge tended to grow martyrs and Oxford did them in. Certainly Rev. John Wheelwright was an outspoken person of the kind (Socrates, Jesus, the Apostles) whose lives are ended by the people in charge. I say that in admiration.

(Oxford men, and before the American Revolution they were of course all men, tend to live and die -- whether or not they visit their properties in North America -- comfortably. The Oxonians who played a part in the formation of the United States tended to be concentrated in the eight colonies between New York and Florida, and in many cases they started by owning the whole colony or a big piece of it.)

John Wheelwright (c.1592–1679) was an alumnus of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He helped found Exeter, NH and Wells, Maine, thereby covering two more colonies/states. He was also a figure of note in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

As a controversial Puritan clergyman, Wheelwright helped establish religious liberty in all the colonies by bravely asserting his dissent from conventional doctrines of the day. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony over the issue of faith vs. good works, during the era that includes the "Antinomian Controversy".  The minority view, espoused by John Wheelwright and his brother-in-law's wife Anne Hutchinson, following Reverend John Cotton, was that one can be saved only by grace (not solely by one's own effort but through the grace of God). They believed that the "covenant of grace" means that common rules of morality are not binding. In simplest terms -- someone with faith will not go to hell for something he/she does or fails to do. Faith prevails over good works. The contrary view is that deeds matter, that faith is not enough and that one must earn one's place in heaven by good works.

Wheelwright's bravery helped make the colonies a place where dissent was permitted.

Born in Lincolnshire, England, to a well-off family, Wheelwright earned the B.A. (and after some years, the M.A.) degree at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge where he excelled in sports. Oliver Cromwell was a college contemporary, something that proved useful for a few years many years later when Wheelwright returned to England for a visit.

After being ordained in 1619, Wheelwright became vicar of the parish in Bilsby, Lincolnshire until 1629, when he was removed for the sin of “simony” (after Simon Magus, who was accused of this during the time of the Apostles), i.e., selling sacred things such as church positions.

So in 1636, the same year another Cambridge man was helping to start up Harvard College, Wheelwright left New England for friendlier faces in Boston, where his brother-in-law's wife, Anne Hutchinson, was getting noticed. He joined Hutchinson as a follower of Rev. John Cotton and his "covenant of grace" theology, by which one is saved by grace alone. Under attack by other Puritans, they charged that the colony's clergy and government officials were guilty of espousing a "covenant of works", i.e., a belief that people can be saved by good works alone, without faith.

Since Hutchinson and Wheelwright were in a minority, it will be no surprise that they were banished from the Massachusetts Bay colony by the religious and civil authorities they attacked. Anne Hutchinson went to Rhode Island, where she founded the town of Portsmouth, where I went to school in 1955-1958. Wheelwright and some followers voyaged north with their possessions during the winter of 1637–1638. In April 1638 they established the town of Exeter in what was then the Province of New Hampshire. However, Massachusetts authorities kept hounding him, and activated a claim on the lands where his group had established their community. Wheelwright had to move on to Wells, Maine.

Wheelwright's order of banishment was eventually retracted. He moved his community to Hampton, then part of Massachusetts and later part of New Hampshire. In 1654 his followers helped him get the complete vindication from the Massachusetts Court.